THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH: PAINTER AND MUSICIAN (1727-1788)
Category: Architecture + PaintingIf Reynolds was the solid prose of that age of prose, its incipient poetry was with the man whose name is so often coupled and contrasted with his: Thomas Gainsborough. He, too, succeeded, and succeeded brilliantly, as a portrait painter. […J Society went to him for portraits, and his insight into the phases of womanhood made him essentially the woman’s painter. A good amateur violinist and a lover of the drama, he was essentially an artistic person. One of his greatest friends was Sheridan, the dramatist; and his portraits of actors and actresses are among his most famous. Full in the centre of the gay world of the time, therefore he basked in the light of success, at least so far as the portraits were concerned. The time was not yet ripe for fashionable people to spend money on landscapes, and it is remarkable that despite his acceptance, there were more than forty unsold landscapes in his studio, at the time of his death. Yet it was landscape which had his heart.
Even in the portraits he is an out-of-door painter. As one thinks of the finest of his portrait paintings with the brilliant spontaneity in the handling of the figure, the power to put down his own transient impression of the sitters, one is reminded that the backgrounds are well-observed country scenes. The famous Blue Boy, idealised, Van Dyckian, highly personal impression of the lovely child, is posed against an open sky and a sylvan landscape falling away to counterbalance the pose of the figure. The Morning Walk, another idealised portrait of Squire Hallet and his wife, again has the beauty of the landscape as a foil to the extreme artifice of their dress. In his picture of Mrs Graham (that treasure of the National Gallery of Scotland), even though she is posed against a classic pillar, we have beyond her the open country and trees. To Gainsborough the proper study of mankind’is not entirely man.
One of the most fascinating of Gainsborough’s works, unfinished though it is, is the study of his Two Daughters, which we have in the National Gallery. Wquld he have lost that spontaneous lyric charm had he completed the picture? With Gainsborough we are more sure than with almost any of his contemporaries. It is the innate nature of his work that he managed to keep in freshness to the end. Always there is the vital feeling of the first sketch underlying the finished art. In its unfinished state it is an exquisite study of young girlhood. Its light tone scheme and use of light blues and yellows belongs essentially to the Ipswich period. Later, when’he came into contact with the Van Dyck pictures, he enriched his palette, but he invariably kept his scheme cool, preferring blues where Sir Joshua tends to reds and rich browns. In suet a masterwork as the glorious Mrs Siddons of the National Gallery the prevailing colour is blue, but it loses nothing in richness against any work in more intimate colour. There is a kind of English reserve about Gainsborough blues, which belong essentially to his spirit.
In the evolution of the art of painting Gainsborough’s actual method of putting on paint is an important step. Consciously or subconsciously he may have found the trick of it in the works of Rubens or those of Watteau. Unquestionably it grew out of his own careful observation of nature and the volatile urge of his own mind and ha»d. The method consisted in putting tiny touches of pure colour on to the canvas so that the colour-mixing takes place not on the palette but as a phenomenon of optics between the canvas and the eye of the beholder. The result is vibrant, pure colour, which seems made of light itself rather than of pigment. With that he saw how full of reflected light the shadows were, and he painted them largely as he saw them. Thus in the Watering Place landscape at the Tate Gallery we find shadows that belong rather to the impressionists of the next century than to the matter-of-fact 18th.
Nearly a century later when scientists were making advances in optics and spectroscopy, this method of painting became a formula in the hands of the great impressionists. With Gainsborough the basis was less scientific than the result of a quick nervous temperament in urgent search for an expression of immediate and, maybe, transient aspect of truth.
The linear rhythm, the broken pure colour, the vibration of colours meeting only as the eye takes them in: these things were instinctive advances which Gainsborough made in this art.
Look at his famous Harvest Waggon. The swinging line of the waggon and horses, the spontaneity of the figures, the gleam of sunlight, between the trees, the plunging horse: a vision fleeting but momentarily perfect.
In his work there is at its best that sense of immediacy of contact with beauty. In the portraits it is in the catching of a flash of a personality, in the landscapes it is in the moment of light and shadow as some sungleam and cloud shadow renders a landscape suddenly momentarily unfamiliar and thereby dramatic. Lo.ok at the Dedham landscape in the National Gallery. It belongs to the early days when he is not yet emancipated from the light brushwork of the Dutch masters, but it is a flash of insight into familiar scene. English landscape painting grew to mean this.. The old classic calm, the assembly of correct elements of distant mountains, castle, trees and all-pervading sunlight was not to be the English contribution to the art. Gainsborough was here again one of the pioneers. In his search for the spontaneous expression of the effects which appealed to him he would use oil-colour as if it were water-colour, building up with those light feathery brush strokes in the pure colour we associate with all his work.
Not for nothing was the master a musician. His painting has a quality belonging to this most abstract and fleeting of arts.
(From The British Masters: a Survey and Guide by H. Shipp)